Seeing Hate Differently: Hate Subspace Modeling for Culture-Aware Hate Speech Detection

Abstract

Hate speech detection faces significant challenges when applied across cultural contexts, as expressions considered hateful in one culture may be acceptable in another. In this work, we propose a culture-aware framework for hate speech detection that models distinct "hate subspaces" reflecting how different cultural groups perceive and express hate. Our approach moves beyond one-size-fits-all classification and captures the nuanced, culturally dependent nature of harmful language online.

BibTeX Copy

@misc{cai2025seeinghate,
  title = {Seeing Hate Differently: Hate Subspace Modeling for Culture-Aware Hate Speech Detection},
  author = {Weibin Cai and Reza Zafarani},
  year = {2025},
  keywords = {preprint},
  eprint = {2510.13837},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  abstract = {Hate speech detection faces significant challenges when applied across cultural contexts, as expressions considered hateful in one culture may be acceptable in another. In this work, we propose a culture-aware framework for hate speech detection that models distinct "hate subspaces" reflecting how different cultural groups perceive and express hate. Our approach moves beyond one-size-fits-all classification and captures the nuanced, culturally dependent nature of harmful language online.},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13837},
  pdf = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.13837},
}